Recipe: Reading output of a sequence of commands

Read output using subshell
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cmd_output=$("cmd")
cmd_output=$("ls | cat -n")

Read output using back-quotes
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cmd_output=`cmd`
cmd_output=`ls | cat -n`

Spawn seperate process in between
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commands;
( cmd1; cmd2 ) # separate process
commands;


Preserve spacing with quotes
$ cat text.txt
1
2
3
$ out=$(cat text.txt)
echo $out;
1 2 3 # Lost \n spacing in 1,2,3 
$ out="$(cat tex.txt)"
$ echo out
1
2
3